Quantitative and structural changes of testis and semen quality parameters changes caused by peroral administration of diazinon in rats
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5219/188Keywords:
diazinon, testis, histology, morphometry, sperm, CASA, ratAbstract
The aim of this study was to find the quantitative and structural changes in the rat testis and changes of semen quality after a diazinon administration. METHODS: Rats received diazinon (99% purity) in thier drinking water (40 mg.l-1) with free access. Age of rats at the beginning of the experiment was 30 days and experiment lasted for next 90 days. The histological samples were evaluated by histological and morphometric methods in light microscopy and the samples of semen were evaluated with CASA method. RESULTS: Disintergation of cellular associations in the seminiferous epithelium, germ cells evacuation into the tubule lumen and thier necrosis were mostly observed. Rarely vacuolisation and cracks of epithelium and fibrotisation of interstitial tissue were noted. Morphometric methods have shown extension of epithelium (P<0,01), reduction of tubule lumen (P<0,001) and dilatation of blood vessels (P<0,001). In CASA analysis elevation of all parameters were noted, with statistically significant increase of DSL, VSL, ALH. Dilatation of blood vessels will be probably one of the most significant finding in diazinon toxicity because changes in blood flow in the testis are the key factors of accurate physiological function of testis. The epithelium despite the serious disintegration of germ cells associations and release of these necrotised germ cells to the lumen was significantly extended. This fact indicates the self-reparation compensational function. The same tendency (stimulation effects) has been found in all analysed sperm parameters. It supports previous hypothesis. CONCLUSIONS: Diazinon in this design of experiment causes the disintegration of the germinal epithelium cells associations consequently leading to necrosis and release of these cells to the tubule lumen. Dilatation of blood vessels and unknown stimulation effect on sperm quality parameters are two other common effects of diazinon. We concluded that diazinon in our subchronic low dose test causes middle to moderate histological, morphometric and semen quality changes which were partially compensated with some unknown recovery mechanism. Otherwise, subcellular structures and their functions may be damaged which can lead to subfertility. Further investigation of diazinon is needed for verification of our hypothesis.
Downloads
Metrics
References
ABD EL-AZIZ, A. M. I., SAHLAB, A. M., ABD EL-KHALIKA, A. M. 1994. Influence of diazinon and deltamethrin on reproductive organs and fertility of male rats. In Dtsch. Tierarztl. Wochenschr., vol. 101, 1994, p. 230-232. PMid:8062636
ALAHYARY, P., POOR, M. I., AZERBAIJANI F. F., NEJATI, V. 2008. The potential toxicity of diazinon on physiological factors in male rat. In Pak. J. Biol. Sci., vol. 11, 2008, p. 127-130. https://doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2008.127.130 PMid:18819606
ATSDR - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, 2008. Toxicological profile for diazinon. U.S. Department of health and human services, 2008. 298 p.
CABAJ, M., TOMAN, R., ADAMKOVIČOVÁ, M., MASSÁNYI, P., ŠIŠKA, B., LUKÁČ, N., GOLIAN, J. 2010. Structural changes in the rat testis caused by diazinon and selenium. In Potravinarstvo, vol. 4, 2010, p. 8-16.
EL-HODA, N., ZIDAN, A. 2009. Evaluation of the reproductive toxicity of chlorpyrifos methyl, diazinon and profenofos pesticides in male rat. In Int. J. of Pharm., vol. 5, 2009, p. 51-57. https://doi.org/10.3923/ijp.2009.51.57
GIORDANO, G., AFSHARINEJAD, Z., GUIZZETTI, M., VITALONE, A., KAVANAGH, T. J., COSTA, L. G. 2007. Organophosphorus insecticides chlorpyrifos and diazinon and oxidative stress in neuronal cells in a genetic model of glutathione deficiency. In Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., vol. 219, 2007, p. 181-189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.taap.2006.09.016 PMid:17084875
INCHEM – International programe for chemical safety, 2012. Available online: <http://www.inchem.org/ documents /pds/pds/pest45_e.htm>.
JUREWICZ, J., HANKE, W., RADWAN, M., BONDE, J. P. 2009. Environmental factors and semen quality. In Int. J. Occup. Med. Environ. Health., vol. 22, 2009, p. 305-329. https://doi.org/10.2478/v10001-009-0036-1 PMid: 20053623
LATENDRESSE, J. R., WARBRITTION, A. R., JONASSEN, H., CREASY, D. M. 2002. Fixation of testes and eyes using a modified Davidson's fluid: comparison with Bouin's fluid and conventional Davidson's fluid. In Toxicol. Pathol., vol. 30, 2002, p. 524-533. https://doi.org/10.1080/01926230290105721 PMid:12187944
KASHANIAN, S., GHOLIVAND, M. B., AHMADI, F., RAVAN, H. 2008. Interaction of diazinon with DNA and the protective role of selenium in DNA damage. In DNA Cell Biol., vol.27, 2008, p. 325-332. https://doi.org/10.1089/dna.2007.0718 PMid:18447756
KOJIMA, T., TSUDA, S., SHIRASU, Y. 1993. Inhibitory effect of fenthion and diazinon on the contraction of rat aorta, and its contribution to lethality. In J. Vet. Med. Sci., vol. 55, 1993, p. 383-385. https://doi.org/10.1292/jvms.55.383 PMid:8357910
MAXWELL, L. B., DUTTA, H. M. 2005. Diazinon-induced endocrine disruption in bluegill sunfish, Lepomis macrochirus. In Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf., vol. 60, 2005, p. 21-27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2003.12.015 PMid:15482836
OKAMURA, A., KAMIJIMA, M., OHTANI, K., YAMANOSHITA, O., NAKAMURA, D., ITO, Y., MIYATA, M., UEYAMA, J., SUZUKI, T., IMAI, R., TAKAGI, K., NAKAJIMA, T. 2009. Broken sperm, cytoplasmic droplets and reduced sperm motility are principal markers of decreased sperm quality due to organophosphorus pesticides in rats. In J. Occup. Health., vol. 51, 2009, p. 478-487. https://doi.org/10.1539/joh.L9019 PMid:19779279
OOSTINGH, G. J., WICHMANN, G., SCHMITTNER, M., LEHMANN, I., DUSCHL, A. 2009. The cytotoxic effects of the organophosphates chlorpyrifos and diazinon differ from their immunomodulating effects. In J. Immunotoxicol., vol. 6, 2009, p. 136-145. https://doi.org/10.1080/15476910902977407 PMid:19589100
PIÑA-GUZMÁN, B., SOLÍS-HEREDIA, M. J., QUINTANILLA-VEGA, B. 2005. Diazinon alters sperm chromatin structure in mice by phosphorylating nuclear protamines. In Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., vol. 202, 2005, p. 189-198. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.taap.2004.06.028 PMid:15629194
RASFF, 2012. Available online: <https://webgate.ec. europa.eu/rasff-window/portal/#>.
RASTOGI, S. K., SATYANARAYAN, P. V. V., RAVISHANKAR, D., TRIPATHI, S. 2009. A study on oxidative stress and antioxidant status of agricultural workers exposed to organophosphorus insecticides during spraying. InIndian J. Occup. Environ. Med, vol. 13, 2009, p. 131-134. https://doi.org/10.4103/0019-5278.58916 PMid:20442831
RECIO-VEGA R., OCAMPO-GÓMEZ G., BORJA-ABURTO V.H., MORAN-MARTÍNEZ J., CEBRIAN-GARCIA M. E. 2008. Organophosphorus pesticide exposure decreases sperm quality: association between sperm parameters and urinary pesticide levels. In J. Appl. Toxicol., vol. 28, 2008, p. 674-680. https://doi.org/10.1002/jat.1321 PMid:18046699
ROEGGE, C. S., TIMOFEEVA, O. A., SEIDLER, F. J., SLOTKIN, T. A., LEVIN, E. D. 2008. Developmental Diazinon Neurotoxicity in Rats: Later Effects on Emotional Response. In Brain Res. Bull., vol. 75, 2008, p. 166-172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainresbull.2007.08.008 PMid:18158111
ROELEVELD, N., BREVELD, R. 2008. The impact of pesticides on male fertility. In Curr Opin. Obstet Gynecol., vol. 20, 2008, p. 229-233. https://doi.org/10.1097/GCO.0b013e3282fcc334 PMid:18460936
RUSH, T., LIU, X. Q., HJELMHAUG, J., LOBNER, D., 2010. Mechanisms of chlorpyrifos and diazinon induced neurotoxicity in cortical culture. In Neuroscience, vol. 166, 2010, p. 899-906. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2010.01.025 PMid:20096330
SALAZAR-ARREDONDO, E., DE JESÚS SOLÍS-HEREDIA, M., ROJAS-GARCÍA, E., HERNÁNDEZ-OCHOA, I., QUINTANILLA-VEGA, B. 2008. Sperm chromatin alteration and DNA damage by methyl-parathion, chlorpyrifos and diazinon and their oxon metabolites in human spermatozoa. In Reprod. Toxicol., vol. 25, 2008, p. 455-460. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.reprotox.2008.05.055 PMid:18595656
SARABIA, L., MAURER, I., BUSTOS-OBREGÓN, E., 2009a. Melatonin prevents damage elicited by the organophosphorous pesticide diazinon on mouse sperm DNA. In Ecotoxicol. Environ. Safety, vol. 72, 2009a, p. 663-668. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2008.04.023 PMid:18571725
SARABIA, L., MAURER, I., BUSTOS-OBREGÓN, E., 2009b. Melatonin prevents damage elicited by the organophosphorous pesticide diazinon on the mouse testis. In Ecotoxicol. Environ. Safety, vol. 72, 2009b, p. 938-942. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2008.04.022 PMid:18565581
SHAH, M. D., IQBAL, M., 2010. Diazinon induced oxidative stress and renal dysfunction in rats. In Food and Chemical Toxicology, vol. 48, 2010, p. 3345-3353. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2010.09.003 PMid:20828599
SLOTKIN, T. A., SEIDLER, F. J., 2007. Comparative developmental neurotoxicity of organophosphates in vivo: transcriptional responses of pathways for brain cell development, cell signaling, cytotoxicity and neurotransmitter systems. In Brain Res. Bull., vol. 72, 2007, p. 232-274. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainresbull.2007.01.005 PMid:17452286
SLOTKIN, T. A., SEIDLER, F. J., 2009. Oxidative and excitatory mechanisms of developmental neurotoxicity: transcriptional profiles for chlorpyrifos, diazinon, dieldrin, and divalent nickel in PC12 cells. In Environ. Health Perspect., vol. 117, 2009, p. 587-596. PMid:19440498
SWAN, S. H., 2006. Semen quality in fertile US men in relation to geographical area and pesticide exposure. In Int. J. Androl., 2006, vol. 29, p. 62-68. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2605.2005.00620.x PMid:16466525
SWAN, S. H., KRUSE, R. L., LIU, F., BARR D. B., DROBNIS, E. Z., REDMON, J. B., WANG, C., BRAZIL, C., OVERSTREET, J. W. 2003. Semen quality in relation to biomarkers of pesticide exposure. In Environ. Health Perspect., vol. 111, 2003, p. 1478-1484. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.6417 PMid:12948887
TOMAN, R. ADAMKOVIČOVÁ, M., HLUCHÝ, S., CABAJ, M., GOLIAN, J. 2011. Quantitative analysis of the rat testes after an acute cadmium and diazinon administration. In Animal Science and Biotechnologies, vol. 44, 2011, p. 188-191.
UHRÍN, V., KULÍŠEK, V., 1980. Využitie morfometrických metód pre stanovenie hrúbky svalových vlákien. In Živočíšna výroba, vol. 53, 1980, p. 935-942.
WECKER, L., MRAK, R. E., DETTBARN, W. D. 1985. Evidence of necrosis in human intercostal muscle following inhalation of an organophosphate insecticide. In J. Environ. Pathol. Toxicol. Oncol., vol. 6, 1985, p. 171-175. PMid:4078686
YEHIA, M. A., EL-BANNA, S. G., OKAB, A. B. 2007. Diazinon toxicity affects histophysiological and biochemical parameters in rabbits. In Exp. Toxicol. Pathol., vol. 59, 2007, 215-225. PMid:17933502
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
