The effect of tempeh flour from tree bean (Parkia timoriana (dc) Merr.) seeds on lipid profile in protein-energy malnutrition rats

Authors

  • Nurmasari Widyastuti Universitas Diponegoro, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Nutrition Science, Jl. Prof H. Soedarto, SH, Tembalang, 50275, Semarang, Indonesia, Tel.: +6281575897167
  • Nita Hasna Luthfiah Universitas Diponegoro, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Nutrition Science, Jl. Prof H. Soedarto, SH, Tembalang, 50275, Semarang, Indonesia, Tel.: +6282134810258
  • Rimadhani Ulfa Universitas Diponegoro, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Nutrition Science, Jl. Prof H. Soedarto, SH, Tembalang, 50275, Semarang, Indonesia, Tel.: +6282353256169
  • Mohammad Sulchan Universitas Diponegoro, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Nutrition Science, Jl. Prof H. Soedarto, SH, Tembalang, 50275, Semarang, Indonesia, Tel.: +62816655235
  • Gemala Anjani Universitas Diponegoro, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Nutrition Science, Jl. Prof H. Soedarto, SH, Tembalang, 50275, Semarang, Indonesia, Tel.: +6281285376785 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7774-7693
  • Nyoman Suci Widyastiti Universitas Diponegoro, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Pathology, Jl. Prof H. Soedarto, SH, Tembalang, 50275, Semarang, Indonesia, Tel.: +628122841970
  • Diana Nur Afifah Universitas Diponegoro, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Nutrition Science, Jl. Prof H. Soedarto, SH, Tembalang, 50275, Semarang, Indonesia, Tel.: +6287770380468 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8808-1826
  • Vita Gustin Almira Universitas Diponegoro, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Nutrition Science, Jl. Prof H. Soedarto, SH, Tembalang, 50275, Semarang, Indonesia, Tel.: +62896702780780 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0432-9084

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5219/1525

Keywords:

lipid profile, protein-energy malnutrition, tree bean, tempeh flour, atherogenic index of plasma

Abstract

Children with protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) need a food product that can be easily absorbed by the body because they have impaired nutrient utilization and lipid profile disorder. The provision of fermented products such as tempeh is an alternative approach. Seeds of tree bean (Parkia timoriana (DC) Merr.) are a good source of various nutrients needed by children with PEM. This study aimed to prove the effectiveness of the administration of tempeh flour from tree bean (Parkia timoriana (DC) Merr.) seeds on the lipid profile in PEM rats. PEM in rats was induced by a zero-protein diet containing granulated sugar (20 g), vegetable oil (1 g), and cornstarch (24 g). The animals were categorized into a normal control group (K+), a PEM group without treatment (K−); a group fed tempeh flour from tree bean (Parkia timoriana (DC) Merr.) seeds 1.5 g.kg-1 BW (P1); and a group fed tempeh flour from tree bean (Parkia timoriana (DC) Merr.) seeds 3 g.kg-1 BW (P2). The intervention was administered for 30 days. There was a significant increase in HDL levels (p = 0.001) and significant decreases in cholesterol (p = 0.001), triglyceride (p = 0.001), LDL levels (p = 0.001), and atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) (p = 0.000) in treatment groups. In conclusion, the administration of tempeh flour from tree bean (Parkia timoriana (DC) Merr.) seeds increases HDL levels and decreases cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL level, and atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) in rats with PEM.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

References

Ademuyiwa, O., Ugbaja, R., Idumebor, F., Adebawo, O. 2005. Plasma lipid profiles and risk of cardiovascular disease in occupational lead exposure in Abeokuta, Nigeria. Lipids in Health and Disease, vol. 4, no. 1, p. 19. https://doi.org/10.1186/1476-511X-4-19 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1476-511X-4-19

Adriani, M., Wirjatmadi, B. 2016. Pengantar Gizi Masyarakat. 4th ed. Jakarta : KENCANA, 356 p. (in Indonesian)

Amare, H., Hamza, L., Asefa, H. 2015. Malnutrition and associated factors among heart failure patients on follow up at Jimma university specialized hospital, Ethiopia. BMC Cardiovascular Disorders, vol. 15, no. 1, p. 128. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12872-015-0111-4 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12872-015-0111-4

Angami, T., Bhagawati, R., Touthang, L., Makdoh, B., Nirmal, Lungmuana, Bharati, K A., Silambarasan, R., Ayyanar, M. 2018. Traditional uses, phytochemistry and biological activities of Parkia timoriana (DC.) Merr., an underutilized multipurpose tree bean: a review. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, vol. 65, no. 2, p. 679-692. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-017-0595-0 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-017-0595-0

Anggraeny, O., Dianovita, C., Nurina Putri, E., Sastrina, M., Setya Dewi, R. 2016. Korelasi Pemberian Diet Rendah Protein Terhadap Status Protein, Imunitas, Hemoglobin, dan Nafsu Makan Tikus Wistar Jantan (The Correlation of Low Protein Diet Administration on Status of Protein, Immunity, Hemoglobin, and Appetite of Male Wistar Rats). Indonesian Journal of Human Nutrition, vol. 3, no. 2, p. 105-122. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.ijhn.2016.003.02.6 (in Indonesian) DOI: https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.ijhn.2016.003.02.6

Bao, L., Hu, L., Zhang, Y., Wang, Y. 2016. Hypolipidemic effects of flavonoids extracted from Lomatogonium rotatum. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, vol. 11, no. 4, p 1417-1424. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2016.3038 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2016.3038

Brunzell, J. D., Davidson, M., Furberg, C. D., Goldberg, R. B., Howard, B. V., Stein, J. H., Witztum, J. L. 2008. Lipoprotein Management in Patients With Cardiometabolic Risk. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, vol. 51, no. 15, p. 1512-1524. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2008.02.034 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2008.02.034

Cavallini, D., De Marco, C., Mondovì, B., Trasarti, F. 1956. Studies of the metabolism of thiazolidine carboxylic acid by rat liver homogenate. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, vol. 22, no. 3, p. 558-564. https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-3002(56)90068-3 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-3002(56)90068-3

Cempaka, L., Eliza, N., Ardiansyah, A., Handoko, D. D., Astuti, R. M. 2018. Proximate Composition, Total Phenolic Content, and Sensory Analysis of Rice Bran Tempeh. Makara Journal of Science, vol. 22, no. 2, p. 89-94. https://doi.org/10.7454/mss.v22i2.9616 DOI: https://doi.org/10.7454/mss.v22i2.9616

Center Ministry of Health Indonesia. 2018. Hasil Utama Riskesdas 2018 (Main Results of Riskesdas 2018). (in Indonesian)

Cojocaru, E., Zamfir, C., Zamosteanu, N., Trandafirescu, M., Cotuţiu, C. 2012. The effects of branched chain aminoacids on HDL-cholesterol in experimental animals subjected to dietary hypercholesterolemia. Revista Medico-Chirurgicala a Societatii de Medici Si Naturalisti Din Iasi, vol. 116, no. 1, p. 200-206.

Coker, R. H., Deutz, N. E., Schutzler, S., Beggs, M., Miller, S., Wolfe, R. R., Wei, J. 2015. Nutritional Supplementation with Essential Amino Acids and Phytosterols May Reduce Risk for Metabolic Syndrome and Cardiovascular Disease in Overweight Individuals with Mild Hyperlipidemia. Journal of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Obesity, vol. 3, no. 2, p. 1069.

Data and Information Center Ministry of Health Indonesia. 2015. Situasi Kesehatan Anak Balita di Indonesia (Health Situation of Children Under five in Indonesia). InfoDATIN, p. 2. (in Indonesian)

Dewi, H. F. 2018. Uji Aktivitas Ekstrak Biji Kedawung (Parkia roxburghii G. Don.) Terhadap Kadar HDL dan LDL Pada Tikus Wistar Hiperlipidemia (Kedawung (Parkia roxburghii G. Don.) Seed Extract Activity Test on HDL and LDL Levels In Hyperlipidemia Wistar Rats). Surakarta, Indonesia : Universitas Setia Budi. (in Indonesian)

Do, M. T., Kim, H. G., Choi, J. H., Khanal, T., Park, B. H., Tran, T. P., Hwang, Y. P., Na, M., Jeong, H. G. 2013. Phillyrin attenuates high glucose-induced lipid accumulation in human HepG2 hepatocytes through the activation of LKB1/AMP-activated protein kinase-dependent signalling. Food Chemistry, vol. 136, no. 2, p. 415-425. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.09.012 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.09.012

Dubey, R. K., Upadhyay, G., Singh, V., Pandey, S. 2020. Antioxidant potential and free radical scavenging activity of Parkia roxburghii, G. Don, a lesser known leguminous tree from North East India. South African Journal of Botany, vol. 131, p. 454-461. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2020.03.013 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2020.03.013

Alves, J. F. R., Britto, R. P. A., Ferreira, S. H., Sawaya, A. L., Florêncio, M. M. T. 2014. Evolution of the biochemical profile of children treated or undergoing treatment for moderate or severe stunting: consequences of metabolic programming? Jornal de Pediatria, vol. 90, no. 4, p. 356-362. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jped.2013.12.007 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpedp.2013.12.006

Fitriani. 2018. Uji Aktivitas Ekstrak Biji Kedawung (Parkia roxburghii G. Don.) Terhadap Kadar Kolesterol Dan Trigliserida Pada Tikus Wistar Hiperlipidemia (Kedawung (Parkia roxburghii G. Don.) Seed Extract Activity Test on Cholesterol and Triglyceride Level in Hyperlipid). Surakarta, Indonesia : Universitas Setia Budi. (in Indonesian)

Ham, Y.-H., Jason Chan, K. K., Chan, W. 2020. Thioproline Serves as an Efficient Antioxidant Protecting Human Cells from Oxidative Stress and Improves Cell Viability. Chemical Research in Toxicology, vol. 33, no. 7, p. 1815-1821. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrestox.0c00055 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrestox.0c00055

Hegazy, A. M., El-Sayed, E. M., Ibrahim, K. S., Abdel-Azeem, A. S. 2019. Dietary antioxidant for disease prevention corroborated by the Nrf2 pathway. Journal of Complementary and Integrative Medicine, vol. 16, no. 3, p. 0161 https://doi.org/10.1515/jcim-2018-0161 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/jcim-2018-0161

Hoffer, L. J. 2001. Clinical nutrition: 1. Protein-energy malnutrition in the inpatient. CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association Journal = Journal de l’Association Medicale Canadienne, vol. 165, no. 10, p. 1345-1349.

Khazaál, M. S. 2013. Atherogenic Index of Plasma (AIP) As a Parameter in Predicting Cardiovascular Risk in Males Compared To the Conventional Dyslipidemic Indices (Cholesterol Ratios). Karbala J. Med., vol. 6, no. 1, p. 1506-1513.

Kumagai, H. 2003. Thioproline inhibits development of esophageal adenocarcinoma induced by gastroduodenal reflux in rats. Carcinogenesis, vol. 25, no. 5, p. 723-727. https://doi.org/10.1093/carcin/bgh067 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/carcin/bgh067

Lyu, M., Liu, H., Ye, Y., Yin, Z. 2020. Inhibition effect of thiol-type antioxidants on protein oxidative aggregation caused by free radicals. Biophysical Chemistry, vol. 260, p. 106367. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpc.2020.106367 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpc.2020.106367

Masdarini, L. 2011. Manfaat Dan Keamanan Makanan Fermentasi Untuk Kesehatan (Tinjauan Dari Aspek Ilmu Pangan) (Benefits And Safety Of Fermentated Food For Health (Overview Of Food Science Aspects)). Jurnal Pendidikan Teknologi Dan Kejuruan, vol. 8, no. 1, p. 53-58. https://doi.org/10.23887/jptk-undiksha.v8i1.2893 (in Indonesian) DOI: https://doi.org/10.23887/jptk-undiksha.v8i1.2893

Mohan, V. R., Janardhanan, K. 1993. Chemical and nutritional evaluation of raw seeds of the tribal pulses Parkia roxburghii G. Don. and Entada phaseoloides (L.) Merr. International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition, vol. 44, no. 1, p. 47-53. https://doi.org/10.3109/09637489309017422 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3109/09637489309017422

Murray, R. K., Bender, D. A., Botham, K. M., Kennelly, P. J., Rodwell, V. W., Weil, P. A. 2003. Harper’s Illustrated Biochemistry. 26th ed. New York, USA : McGrawHill Inc. ISBN 978-0071217668.

Ngatchic, J. T. M., Njintang, N., Bernard, C., Oben, J., Mbofung, C. M. 2016. Lipid-lowering properties of protein-rich mucuna product. Nutrire, vol. 41, no. 1, p. 2. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41110-016-0003-0 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s41110-016-0003-0

Nkhata, S. G., Ayua, E., Kamau, E. H., Shingiro, J.-B. 2018. Fermentation and germination improve nutritional value of cereals and legumes through activation of endogenous enzymes. Food Science & Nutrition, vol. 6, no. 8, p. 2446-2458. https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.846 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.846

Oršolić, N., Car, N. 2014. Quercetin and hyperthermia modulate cisplatin-induced DNA damage in tumor and normal tissues in vivo. Tumor Biology, vol. 35, no. 7, p. 6445-6454. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13277-014-1843-y DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13277-014-1843-y

Oršolić, N., Landeka Jurčević, I., Đikić, D., Rogić, D., Odeh, D., Balta, V., Perak Junaković, E., Terzić, S., Jutrić, D. 2019. Effect of Propolis on Diet-Induced Hyperlipidemia and Atherogenic Indices in Mice. Antioxidants, vol. 8, no. 6, p. 156. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox8060156 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox8060156

Pil Hwang, Y., Gyun Kim, H., Choi, J. H., Truong Do, M., Tran, T. P., Chun, H. K., Cung, Y. C., Jeong, T. C., Jeong, H. G. 2013. 3-Caffeoyl, 4-dihydrocaffeoylquinic acid from Salicornia herbacea attenuates high glucose-induced hepatic lipogenesis in human HepG2 cells through activation of the liver kinase B1 and silent information regulator T1/AMPK-dependent pathway. Molecular Nutrition & Food Research, vol. 57, no. 3, p. 471-482. https://doi.org/10.1002/mnfr.201200529 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/mnfr.201200529

Priastiti, D. A., Puruhita, N. 2013. Perbedaan Kadar Kolesterol Ldl Penderita Dislipidemia Pada Pemberian Tempe Kedelai Hitam Dan Tempe Kedelai Kuning. Journal of Nutrition College, vol. 2, no. 2, p. 262-276. https://doi.org/10.14710/jnc.v2i2.2751 (in Indonesian) DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/jnc.v2i2.2751

Ridwan. 2015. Pengaruh Pemberian Tepung Tempe Terhadap Kadar Kolesterol Total Pada Tikus Dengan Riwayat BBRL (Studi Eksperimental Pada Tikus Galur Wistar Yang Diinduksi Diet Tinggi Lemak Jenuh) (The Effect of Giving Tempe Flour on Total Cholesterol Levels in Rats with a History of BBRL (Experimental Study on Wistar Strain Rats Induced by a High Saturated Fat Diet)). Jawa Tengah, Indonesia : Universitas Sultan Agung. (in Indonesian)

Sheikh, Y., Maibam, B. C., Talukdar, N. C., Deka, D. C., Borah, J. C. 2016. In vitro and in vivo anti-diabetic and hepatoprotective effects of edible pods of Parkia roxburghii and quantification of the active constituent by HPLC-PDA. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, vol. 191, p. 21-28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2016.06.015 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2016.06.015

Thangjam, R., Sahoo, L. 2012. In vitro regeneration and Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated genetic transformation of Parkia timoriana (DC.) Merr.: a multipurpose tree legume. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum, vol. 34, no. 3, p. 1207-1215. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11738-011-0917-3 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11738-011-0917-3

Ulfa, R. 2020. Pemberian Tepung Tempe Kedawung (Parkia roxburghii G.Don) Terhadap Status Imun, Status Anemia, dan Status Gizi pada Tikus KEP (Kekurangan Energi Protein) (Provision of Kedawung Tempe Flour (Parkia roxburghii G. Don) Against Immune Status, Anemia Status, and Nutritional Status in KEP Rats (Protein Energy Deficiency)). Jawa Tengah, Indonesia : Universitas Diponegoro. (in Indonesian)

UNICEF. 2020. Malnutrition. Available at: https://data.unicef.org/topic/nutrition/malnutrition/

Veiga, G. R. S., Ferreira, H. S., Sawaya, A. L., Calado, J., Florêncio, T. M. M. T. 2010. Dyslipidaemia and Undernutrition in Children from Impoverished Areas of Maceió, State of Alagoas, Brazil. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, vol. 7, no. 12, p. 4139-4151. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph7124139 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph7124139

Velásquez, C. M., Cano, J. M. O. 2012. Dyslipidemia in children with acute malnutrition. Turbo, Colombia. Perspectivas En Nutrición Humana, vol. 14, no. 2, p. 11-20.

Published

2021-03-28

How to Cite

Widyastuti, N., Luthfiah, N. H., Ulfa, R., Sulchan, M. ., Anjani, G., Widyastiti, N. S., Afifah, D. N., & Almira, V. G. (2021). The effect of tempeh flour from tree bean (Parkia timoriana (dc) Merr.) seeds on lipid profile in protein-energy malnutrition rats. Potravinarstvo Slovak Journal of Food Sciences, 15, 173–180. https://doi.org/10.5219/1525

Most read articles by the same author(s)