Safety and fortification with folic acid in neonatal period
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5219/269Keywords:
folic acid, newborn, fortification, milk formula, anaemiaAbstract
Folic acid, the essential vitamin, and its active forms are substantial parts of many biochemical processes in the human body. In the period of rapid growth of organism or in cell growth, body’s demands for folate increase. Its impact in neonatal period varies even in premature newborns. Fortification with folic acid and its substitution in the treatment of anaemia are the important parts in the comprehensive care in premature newborns. To determine optimal dose in this group of patients is difficult. The determination of red blood cell folate concentration levels is the most accurate indicator of long-term folate level status in the body. Unmetabolised folic acid in circulation of newborns could have potentially adverse effects. Toxicity of folic acid is not a concern as folate is water-soluble and easily excreted by kidneys when in excess but on the other side growing organism of preterm newborn and disruption of metabolic balance could be potential risks.
Downloads
References
Bánhidy, F., Dakhalaoui, A., Puhó, E. H., Czeizel, A. A. E. 2011. Is there a reduction of congenital abnormalities in the offspring of diabetic pregnant women after folic acid supplementation? Population-based case-control study. Congenital Anomalies, vol. 51, p. 80-86. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-4520.2010.00302.x PMid:21039913
Beaudin, A. E., Stover, P. J. 2007. Folate-mediated one-carbon metabolism and neural tube defects: Balancing genome synthesis and gene expression. Birth Defects Research (Part C), vol. 81, no. 3, p. 183-203. https://doi.org/10.1002/bdrc.20100 PMid:17963270
Canfield, M. A., Collins, J. S., Botto, L. D., Williams, L. J., Mai, C. T., Kirby, R. S., Pearson, K., Devine, O., Mulinare, J. 2005. Changes in the birth prevalence of selected birth defects after grain fortification with folic acid in the United States: Findings from a multi-state population-based study. Birth Defects Research Part A: Clinical and Molecular Teratology, vol. 73, no. 10, p. 679-689. https://doi.org/10.1002/bdra.20210 PMid:16240378
Couto, F. D., Moreira, L. M., dos Santos, D. B., Reis, M. G., Gonçalves, M. S. 2007. Folate, vitamin B12 and total homocysteine levels in neonates from Brazil. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, vol. 61, no. 3, p. 382-386. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602528 PMid:16988650
Crider, K. S., Bailey, L. B., Berry, R. J. 2011. Folic acid food fortification - its history, effect, concerns, and future directions. Nutrients, no. 3, p. 370-384. https://doi.org/10.3390%2Fnu3030370,
PMCid: PMC3257747
Dary, O. 2009. Nutritional interpretation of folic acid interventions. Nutrition Reviews, vol. 67, no. 4, p. 235-244. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-4887.2009.00193.x
Dev, S., Wani, A., Kaur, J. 2010. Regulatory mechanisms of intestinal folate uptake in a rat model of folate oversupplementation. British Journal of Nutrition. Vol. 105, issue 105, p. 827-835 https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114510 004538
Gregory, J. F. 1997. Bioavailability of folate. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, vol. 51 (Suppl. 1), p. 554-559.
Hay, G., Johnston, C., Whitelaw, A., Trygg, K., Refsum, H. 2008. Folate and cobalamin status in relation to breastfeeding and weaning in healthy infants. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, no. 88, vol. 1, p. 105-114. PMid:18614730
Hlúbik, P., Opltová, L. 2004. Vitaminy. Praha: Grada Publishing. 232 p. ISBN 80-247-0373-4. PMid:15141970
Institute of Medicine, Food and Nutrition Board. 1998. Dietary references intakes for thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B6, folate, vitamin B12, pantothenic acid, biotin, and choline / a report of the Standing Committee on the Scientific Evaluation of Dietary Reference Intakes and its Panel on Folate, Other B Vitamins, and Choline and Subcommittee on Upper Reference Levels of Nutrients, National Academy Press, Washington, DC. 196-305 p. ISBN 0309065542.
Jackson, A. et al. 2006. Folate and disease prevention. London, United Kingdom, The Stationery Office. 222 p. ISBN 978-0-11-243111-4.
Joythi, S., Misra, I., Morris, G., Benton, A., Griffin, D., Allen, S. 2007. Red cell folate and plasma homocysteine in preterm infants. Neonatology, vol. 92, p. 264-268. https://doi.org/10.1159/000103745 PMid:17556845
Kajaba, I., Šimončič, R., Ginter, E., Ondrejka, J., Trusková, I., Kaláč, J., Bzdúch, V. Odporúčané výživové dávky pre obyvateľstvo SR - platné od r. 1997. Retrieved from the web: http://www.jedalne.sk/sk/public/tabulka1.pdf
Peña-Rosas, J. P., De-Regil, L. M., Dowswell, T., Viteri, F. E. 2012. Daily oral iron supplementation during pregnancy. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Issue 12. Art. No.:CD004736. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD004 736.pub3
Sweeney, M. R., McPartlin, J., Weir, D. G., Daly, S., Pentieva, K., Daly, L., Scott, J. M. 2005. Evidence of unmetabolized folic acid in cord blood of newborn and serum of 4-day-old infants. British Journal of Nutrition, vol. 94, p. 727-730. https://doi.org/10.1079/BJN20051572 PMid:16277775
Sweeney, M. R., Staines, A., Daly, L., Traynor, A., Daly, S., Bailey, S. W., Alverson, P. B., Ayling, J., Scott, J. M. 2009. Persistent circulating unmetabolised folic acid in a setting of liberal voluntary folic acid fortification. Implications for further mandatory fortification? BMC Public Health, vol. 9, no. 295, p. 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-9-295 PMid:19689788
Takimoto, H., Hayashi, F., Kusama, K., Kato, N., Yoshiike, N., Toba, M., Ishibashi, T., Miyasaka, N., Kubota, T. 2011. Elevated maternal serum folate in the third trimester and reduced fetal growth: a longitudinal study. Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology, vol. 57, p. 130-137. https://doi.org/10.3177/jnsv.57.130 PMid:21697631
Turzová, A., Šmalová, I. 2008. Význam kyseliny listovej pre zdravie. Trendy v potravinárstve, vol. XV, no. 2, p. 16-17.
Wehby, G. L., Murray, J. C. 2007. The effect of prenatal use of folic acid and other dietary supplements on early child development. Maternal and Child Health Journal, vol. 12, p. 180-187.https://doi.org/10.1007/s10995-007-0230-3 PMid:17554612
Wilcox, A. J., Lie, R. T., Solvoll, K., Taylor, J., McConnaughey, D. R., Abyholm, F., Vindenes, H., Vollset, S. E., Drevon, C. A. 2007. Folic acid supplements and risk of facial clefts: national population based case-control study. BMJ, 334(7591): 464. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.39079. 618287.0B PMid:17259187
Žikavská, T., Brucknerová, I., Vasilenková, A., Behúlová, D., Franková E. 2011. Stanovenie koncentrácie folátov v erytrocytoch u novorodenca - naše prvé skúsenosti. Sborník abstraktu a přednášek. Plzeň. p 58. ISBN 978-80-7177-990-2.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
