The effect of chayote leaves (Sechium edule)’s flavonoid fraction on the reduction of the serum uric acid levels through the inhibition of xanthine oxidase activity

Diah Pitaloka Putri; Aulia Putri Wahyuningtyas; Ahmad Ni'matullah Al-Baarri; Nani Maharani

doi:10.5219/1667

Authors

Diah Pitaloka Putri Universitas Diponegoro, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Nutrition, Tembalang Semarang Indonesia, 50275 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4053-6200
Aulia Putri Wahyuningtyas Universitas Diponegoro, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Nutrition, Tembalang Semarang Indonesia, 50275 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1389-7772
Ahmad Ni'matullah Al-Baarri Universitas Diponegoro, Faculty of Animal and Agricultural Sciences, Department of Food Technology, Tembalang Semarang Indonesia 50275 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1459-7069
Nani Maharani Universitas Diponegoro, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Tembalang Semarang Indonesia 50275 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5984-6439

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5219/1667

Keywords:

flavonoids, Sechium edule, xanthine oxidase, uric acid

Abstract

Uric acid is the final product of purine metabolism and is categorized as hyperuricemia when it reaches >6.0 mg.dL^-1 for women and >7.0 mg.dL^-1 for men. The chayote leaves (Sechium edule) contain a high amount of flavonoid and might be used as an alternative to reduce hyperuricemia. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of chayote leaves (Sechium edule)’s flavonoid fraction on the level of uric acid and the activity of xanthine oxidase (XO) in Sprague Dawley Rats. The flavonoid fraction (FF) was obtained by extracting the chayote leaves, fractionating with n-hexane, hydrolyzing with HCl, and finally re-fractionating with ethyl acetate. Thirty male Sprague Dawley rats were induced for hyperuricemia by potassium oxonate and broth block for 21 days, and the interventions were given orally for 14 days. The rats were divided randomly into five groups: normal control (K-), hyperuricemia control (K+), hyperuricemia with FF dose 50 mg.200g^-1 body weight (P1), hyperuricemia with FF dose 100 mg.200g^-1 body weight (P2) and hyperuricemia with allopurinol 1.8 mg.200g^-1 body weight. Xanthine oxidase activity was measured by CheKine^TM Xanthine Oxidase Assay Kit, with simple colorimetry methods. The statistical analysis for XO activity was done using Kruskal-Wallis followed by Mann Whitney. The results showed that chayote leaves (Sechium edule)’s flavonoid fraction contains apigenin, apigenin o-glucoside, and luteolin. It also has antioxidant activity with 98.45% inhibition. There was a significant reduction in xanthine oxidase activity in groups treated with FF (p <0.005). The best dose of FF affecting XO activity was 100 mg.200g^-1 body weight. The combination of FF and allopurinol can be more effective in decreasing uric acid levels by inhibiting XO activity.

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