Production of enterotoxins of Staphylococcus spp. isolated from samples of sheep milk
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5219/361Keywords:
sheep, hand milking, mastitis, pathogens, staphylococcal enterotoxinsAbstract
In our study was followed occurrence of mastitis in herd of 430 sheep of breed zoslachtena valaska with hand milking technology examined two times during one lactation season. Individual examination consisted from clinical examination of udder and microbiological examination of milk samples. By PCR was determined presence of genes coding production of enterotoxins, and by ELISA methods production individual types of enterotoxins. From individual forms of mastitis were frequently detected subacute (6.7%), subclinical (5.7%) and acute (2.9%). The coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) were identified in 102 (65.4%) from all 156 positive isolates. The CNS and S. aureus caused subacute (5.1%), subclinical (3.9%) and acute (2.4%) forms of mastitis. The most frequently isolated were S. epidermidis, followed by S. chromogenes and S. xylosus from ewes with subacute and subclinical mastitis. From acute and chronical forms of mastitis were predominantly isolated S. aureus, S. uberis and S. epidermidis. The production of staphylococcal enterotoxins (SE) - SEA, SEB, SEC, SED and the presence of genes sec (3), sea (2), seb (2) and sed (2) were determined in S. aureus, S. epidermidis, S. schleiferi and S. chromogenes, respectively. The results suggested on the high occurrence (12.4%) of subacute and subclinical forms. Confirmed production of enterotoxins and presence of genes coding their production present a risk for human health and decreased a quality of milk and products from sheep´s milk.
Downloads
Metrics
References
Beatriz, M., Borelli, E. G., Ferreira, I. C., Lacerda, D. A., Santos, L. S., Carmo, R. S., Dias, M., Crisolita, C., Silva, C. A. 2006. Enteroxigenic Staphylococcus spp. and other microbial contaminants during production of Canastra cheese, Brazil. Braz. J. Microbiol., vol. 37, no. 4, p. 545-550. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1517-83822006000400026 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S1517-83822006000400026
Becker, K., Roth, R., Peters, G. 1998. Rapid and specific detection of toxigenic Staphylococcus aureus: use of two multiplex PCR enzyme immunoassays for ammplification and hybridization of staphylococcal enterotoxin genes, exfoliative toxin genes, and toxic syndrome toxin-1 gene. J. Clin. Microbiol., vol. 36, p. 2548-2553. PMid:9705390 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.36.9.2548-2553.1998
Becker, K., Keller, B., Von, E.C., Brǖck, M., Lubritz, G., Etienne, J., Peters, G. 2001. Enterotoxigenic potential of Staphylococcus intermedius. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., vol. 67, p. 5551-5557. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.67.12.5551-5557.2001 PMid:11722906 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.67.12.5551-5557.2001
Bergonier, D., Crémoux, R., Rupp, R., Lagriffoul, G. Erthelot, X. 2003. Mastitis of dairy small ruminants. Vet. Res., vol. 34, p. 689-716. https://doi.org/10.1051/vetres:2003030 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/vetres:2003030
Berthelot, X., Lagriffoul, G., Concordet, D., Barillet, F., Bergonier, D. 2006. Physiological and pathological thresholds of somatic cell counts in ewe milk. Small Ruminant Research, vol. 62, p. 27-31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smallrumres.2005.07.047 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smallrumres.2005.07.047
Burriel, A. R. 1997. Dynamics of intramammary infection in the sheep caused by Coagulase-negative staphylococci and its influence on the udder tissue and the milk composition. Veterinary Record. vol. 140, p. 419-423. https://doi.org/10.1136/vr.140.16.419 PMid:9149361 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/vr.140.16.419
Conington, J., Cao, G., Stott, A., Bůnger, L. 2008. Breeding for resistance to mastitis in United Kingdom sheep, a review and economic appraisal. Veterinary Record, vol.162,
p. 369-376. https://doi.org/10.1136/vr.162.12.369 PMid:18359930 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/vr.162.12.369
Contreras, D., Sierra, A., Sanchez, J. C., Corrales, J. C., Marco, M. J., Paape, C., Gonzalo, A. 2007. Mastitis in small ruminants. Small Ruminant Research, Special Issue: Goat and Sheep Milk, vol. 68, no 1-2, p. 145-153. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smallrumres.2006.09.011 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smallrumres.2006.09.011
Fthenakis, G. C. 1994. Prevalence and aetiology of subclinical mastitis in ewes of southern Greece. Small Rumin. Res., vol. 13, p. 293-300, https://doi.org/10.1016/0921-4488(94)90078-7 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0921-4488(94)90078-7
Fthenakis, G. C. 1995. California mastitis test and Whiteside test in diagnosis of subclinical mastitis of dairy ewes. Small Ruminant Res., vol. 16, p. 271-276. https://doi.org/10.1016/0921-4488(95)00638-2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0921-4488(95)00638-2
Hariharan, H., Donachie, W., Macaldowie, C., Keefe, G. 2004. Bacteriology and somatic cell counts in milk samples from ewes on a Scottish farm. Can. J. Vet. Res., July, vol. 68, no.3, p. 188-192. PMid:15352543
Matsunaga, T., Kamata, S., Kakiichi, N., Uchida, A. 1993. Characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from peracute, acute and chronic bovine mastitis. J. Vet. Med. Sci. vol. 55, p. 297-300. PMid:8513013 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1292/jvms.55.297
Omoe, K., Ishikawa, M., Shimoda, Y., Hu, D. L., Ueda, S., Shinagawa, K. 2002. Detection of seg, seh, and sei genes in Staphylococcus aureus isolates and determination of the enterotoxin productivities of S. aureus isolates harbouring seg, seh, or sei genes. J. Clin. Microbiol. vol. 40, no. 3, p. 857-862. PMid:11880405 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.40.3.857-862.2002
Ozenc, E., Seker, E., Baki Acar, D., Birdane, M. K., Darbaz, I., Dogan, N. 2011. The Importance of Staphylococci and threshold value of somatic cell count for diagnosis of sub-clinical mastitis in pirlak sheep at mid-lactation. Reprod. Dom. Anim. vol. 46, p. 970-974, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0531.2011.01768.x PMid:21366722 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0531.2011.01768.x
Scherrer, D., Corti, S., Muehlherr, J. E., Zweifel, C., Stephan, R. 2004. Phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus isolates from raw bulk-tank milk samples of goats and sheep. Vet. Microbiol. vol. 101, no. 2, p. 101-107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2004.03.016 PMid:15172692 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2004.03.016
Valle, J., Gomez, L. E., Piriz, S., Goyache, J., Orden, J. A., Vadilo, S. 1990. Enterotoxins production by Staphylococcal isolated from healthy goats. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, vol. 56, no. 5, p. 1323-1326. PMid:2339886 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.56.5.1323-1326.1990
Vautor, E., Cocckfield, J., Marechal Le, C., Le Loir, Y., Chevalier, M., Robinson, A. D., Thiery, R., Lindsay, J. 2009. Difference in virulence between Staphylococcus aureus isolates causing gangrenous mastitis versus subclinical mastitis in a dairy sheep flock. Vet. Res. vol. 6, p. 40-56. https://doi.org/10.1051/vetres/2009039 PMid:19576164 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/vetres/2009039
Zschöck, M., Botzler, D., Blöcher, S., Sommerhauser, J., Hamann, H. P. 2000. Detection of genes for enterotoxins (ent) and toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (tst) in mammary isolates of Staphylococcus aureus by polymerase-chain-reaction.
Int. Dairy J., vol. 10, p. 569-574. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0958-6946(00)00084-4 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0958-6946(00)00084-4
Zschöck, M., Kloppert, W., Wolter, H., Hamann, P., Lämmler, CH. 2005. Pattern of enterotoxin genes seg, seh, sei and sej positive Staphylococcus aureus isolated from bovine mastitis, Veterinary Microbiology, vol. 108, no. 3-4,
p. 243-249, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2005.02.012 PMid:15916869 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2005.02.012
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This license permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, and is not altered, transformed, or built upon in any way.
