Qualitative parameters of non-traditional types of vegetables
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5219/466Keywords:
ascorbic acid, nitrate, mizuna, Chinese mustard, edible chrysanthemum, rocketAbstract
The main aim of this study was to determine selected quality indicators of non-traditional types of leafy vegetables. Mizuna (Brassica rapa japonica), Chinese mustard (Brassica juncea), edible chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum coronarium) and arugula (Eruca sativa) belonged among the selected species of vegetables. During the one-year experiment, spring and autumn sowing was carried out for these species of vegetables. The measured quality parameters were the content of nitrates and ascorbic acid. Sampling was done in the morning and in the laboratory, the samples were further processed according to the type of determination. To determine the content of nitrates and ascorbic acid, leaves were removed from plants. The filtrate from the leaves was then prepared. Determination of nitrates and ascorbic acid was carried out using a special test strip and device Rqflex plus 10. The results of measurement of both sowing varieties were compared. Total nitrate content was higher up to 22% in plants sown in the autumn except edible chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum coronarium). The highest content was recorded in arugula (Eruca sativa), which was recently implemented to the studies of the European Union and for which there were set the limits of nitrates. Overall, the nitrate content ranged from 221 to 334 ppm in spring varieties and from 249 to 384 mg/kg in autumn varieties. Ascorbic acid content was very high in Chinese mustard (Brassica juncea), edible chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum coronarium) and arugula (Eruca sativa) in both spring and autumn varieties. Values of ascorbic acid ranged from 839 in autumn sowing up to 2909 mg/kg in spring sowing. These non-traditional types of leafy vegetables could be included among the other importants sources of vitamin C in the future.
Downloads
Metrics
References
Açıkgöz, F. E. 2012. Determination of Yield and Some Plant Characteristics with Vitamin C, Protein and Mineral Material Content in Mibuna (Brassica rapa var. Nipposinica) and Mizuna (Brassica rapa var. Japonica) Grown in Fall and Spring Sowing Times. Journal of Tekirdag Agricultural Faculty, vol. 9, no. 1, p. 64-70. [cit. 2015-02-10]. Available at: http://agris.fao.org/agris-search/search.do?recordID=TR2013000387
Aires, A., Fernandes, C., Carvalho, R., Bennett, R. N., Saavedra, M. J., Rosa, E, A. 2011. Seasonal effects on bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacity of six economically important Brassica vegetables.
Molecules, vol. 16, no. 8, p. 6816-6832. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules16086816 PMid:21832972 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules16086816
Arya, J. P., Mahajan, M., Jain, P. 2000. Non-spectrophotometric methods for the determination of vitamin C. Analytica chemica acta, vol. 417, no. 1, p. 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-2670(00)00909-0 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-2670(00)00909-0
Begum S. A., Ahmed, F., Rahman, M. 2009. Effect of cooking temperature and storage period on preservation of water soluble vitamin C content in Citrus macroptera and Moringa oleifera lunk. Asian Journal of Food and Agro-Industry, vol. 2, no. 3, p. 255-261.
Bhandari, S. R., Kwak, J. H. 2015. Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Activity in Different Tissues of Brassica Vegetables. Molecules, vol. 20, no. 1, p. 1228-1243. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules20011228 PMid:25591122 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules20011228
Brambilla, G., Martelli, A. 2007. Genotoxic and carcinogenic risk to humans of drug-nitrite interaction products. Mutat res., vol. 635, no. 1, p. 17-52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mrrev.2006.09.003 PMid:17157055 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mrrev.2006.09.003
ČSN EN 12014: 1999. Potraviny - stanovení obsahu dusičnanů a/nebo dusitanů. (Foodstuffs - Determination of nitrate and/or nitrite content), Český noramlizační institut Praha.
EFSA. 2008. Nitrate in vegetables - Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Contaminants in the Food chain [online] s.a. [cit. 2015-02-10]. Available at: http://www.efsa.europa.eu/EFSA/efsa_locale-1178620753812_1178712852460.htm
EUR-Lex. 2015. Nařízení Komise (ES) č. 1881/2006 ze dne 19. Prosince 2006, kterým se stanoví maximální limity některých kontaminujících látek v potravinách (Commission Regulation (EC) No 1881/2006 of 19 December 2006 setting maximum levels for certain contaminants in foodstuffs) [online] s. a. [cit. 2015-02-10]. Available at: http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/CS/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32006R1881.
Fontana, E., Nicola, S. 2009. Traditional and soilless culture systems produce corn salad (Valerianella olitoria L) and rocket (Eruca sativa Mill) with low nitrate content. Journal of Food Agriculture & Environment, vol. 7, no. 2, p. 405-410.
Fořt, P. 2011. Zdraví a potravní doplňky (Health and Dietary Supplements). 1st ed. Praha, ČR: Ikar. 398 p. ISBN 80-249-0612-0.
Fujime, Y. 2012. Introduction to Some Indigenous Vegetables in Japan. HortScience, vol. 47, no. 7, p. 831-834. [cit. 2015-02-10] Available at: http://hortsci.ashspublications.org/content/47/7/831.full.pdf+html DOI: https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.47.7.831
Hlušek, J. 2004. Základy výživy a hnojení zeleniny a ovocných kultur (The Basics of Nutrition and Fertilization of Vegetables and Fruit Cultures). 1st ed. Praha: Institut výchovy a vzdělávání Mze ČR. 56 p. ISBN 80-7105-067-9.
Kalisz, A., Sękara, A., Kostrzewa, J. 2012. Effect of growing date and cultivar on the morphological parameters and yield of Brassica rapa var. Japonica. Acta Scientarium Polonorum, vol. 11, no. 3, p. 131-143. [cit. 2015-02-10] Available at: http://wydawnictwo.up.lublin.pl/acta/hortorum_cultus/2012/streszczenia2012_3/11%20Kalisz%20Sekara%20Kostrzewa%20Hort%2011_3_%202012.pdf
Kim, S. J., Ishii, G. 2007. Effect of storage temperature and where science meets business duration on glucosinolate, total vitamin C and nitrite contents in rocket salad (Eruca sativa Mill.). Journal of the science of food and agriculture, vol. 87, no. 6, p. 966-973. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.2787 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.2787
Kopec K. 2010. Zelenina ve výživě člověka (Vegetables in Human Nutrition). 1st ed. Praha: Grada Publishing. 159 p. ISBN 8024728451.
Kopta, T., Pokluda, R. 2010. Determination of ascorbic acid content of leafy Asian vegetables during storage. Acta Hort. (ISHS) 877: p. 1123-1128. [cit. 2015-02-10]. Available at: http://www.actahort.org/members/showpdf?booknrarnr=877_153 DOI: https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2010.877.153
Lee, S. K., Kader, A. A. 2000. Preharvest and postharvest factors influencing vitamin C content of horticultural crops. Postharvest Biology and Technology, vol. 20, no. 3, p. 207-220. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0925-5214(00)00133-2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0925-5214(00)00133-2
Merck Chemicals. 2013. Water and Food Analytics: Test Kits, Instruments and Accessories. Germany [online] s. a. [cit. 2015-02-10]. Available at: http://www.vitus.by/userfiles/file/Products_MERCK/Water_and_food_analytics.pdf
Mindell, E., Mundisová, H. 2010. Nová vitaminová bible (Earl Mindell´s New Vitamin Bible). 1st ed. Praha: Euromedia Group, k.s. - Ikar. 576 p. ISBN 978-80-249-1419-0.
Miyazawa, M., Maehara, T., Kurose, K. 2002. Composition of the essential oil from the leaves of Eruca sativa. Flavour and Fragrance Journal, vol. 17, no. 3, p. 187-190. https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1079 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1079
Pekárková, E. 2002. Pěstujeme salát, špenát a další listové zeleniny (We grow lettuce, spinach and other leafy vegetables). 1st ed. Praha: Grada Publishing. 90 p. ISBN 80-247-0283-5.
Pokluda, R. 2006. Význam a nutriční hodnota zeleniny (The Importance and Nutritional Value of Vegetables). Zahradnictví 6: p. 18-19.
Prugar, J., Prugarová, A. 1985. Dusičnany v zelenine (Nitrates in Vegetables). 1st ed. Bratislava: Príroda. 150 p.
Prugar, J., Polišenská, I., Dostálová, J., Hajšlová, J., Hrubý, J., Kalač, P., Vaculová, P. 2008. Kvalita rostlinných produktů na prahu 3. Tisíciletí (Quality of plant products on the threshold of 3rd millennium). 1st ed. Praha: Výzkumný ústav pivovarský a sladařský ve spolupráci s Komisí jakosti rostlinných produktů ČAZV. 327 p. ISBN 978-80-86576-28-2.
Richardson, K. 2012. Evaluation of five leafy green vegetables. Crop Research Report 12: p. 1-6.
Santamaria, P. 2006. Nitrate in vegetables: toxicity, content, intake and EC regulativ. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, vol. 86, no. 1, p. 10-17. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.2351 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.2351
Škrovánková, S., Kramářová, D., Šimánková, K., Hoza, I. 2007. Chromatografické stanovení kyseliny askorbové (vitamin C) v ovoci a zelenině. In XVI. Medzinárodná konferencia o nových analytických metódach v potravinárstve Laboralim. Bratislava: p. 429-432. ISBN 978-80-227-2628-3.
Šrot, R. 2005. Zelenina - Rady pěstitelům (Vegetables - Counsels for Growers). 1st ed. Aventinum. 197 p. ISBN 80-7151-248-6.
Toledo, M. E. A., Ueda, Y., Shirosaki, T. 2003. Changes of Ascorbic Acid Contents in Various Market Forms of Spinach (Spinacea oleracea L.) during Postharvest Storage in Light and Dark Conditions. Sci. Rep. Grad. Sch. Agric. & Biol. Sci. vol. 55, p. 1-6. [cit. 2015-02-10] Available at: http://www.bioenv.osakafu-u.ac.jp/bulletin/v55/v55_05.pdf
Valášek, P., Rop, O. 2007. Analýza potravin – přírodní látky – doplňkové texty k základnímu kurzu (Analysis of food - Natural Substances - Supplementary Texts). 1st ed. Zlín: UTB. 151 p. ISBN 978-80-7318-585-5.
Velíšek, J., Cejpek, K. 2008. Biosynthesis of food components. 1st ed. Tábor: Ossis. 497 p. ISBN 978-80-86659-12-1.
Velíšek, J., Hajšlová, J. 2009. Chemie potravin (The Chemistry of Food). 1st ed. Tábor: Ossis. 602 p. ISBN 978-80-86659-17-6.
Warwick, S. I. 2011. Brassicaceae in Agriculture. In: Schmidt R, Bancroft I (eds) Genetics and genomics of the Brassicaceae, plant genetics and genomics crops and models 9. Springer Science + Business Media, LLC: 33-65. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-7118-0_2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-7118-0_2
Weightman, R. M., Dyer. C., Buxton, J., Farrington, D. S. 2006. Effects of light level, time of harvest and position within field on the variability of tissue nitrate concentration in commercial crops of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) and endive (Cichorium endiva). Food Addit. Contam., vol. 23, no. 5, p. 462-469. PMid:16644593 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02652030500522606
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This license permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, and is not altered, transformed, or built upon in any way.
