Hygiene measures in supermarkets, retail food stores, and grocery shops during the COVID-19 pandemic in Slovakia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5219/1592Keywords:
hygiene measure, COVID-19, Slovakia, food supermarket, food store, grocery store, grocery shop, groceryAbstract
The article presents the hygiene measures that are applied in the Slovak Republic in supermarkets, food stores, grocery stores as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic situation in Slovakia. These measures have been published by the Public Health Authority of the Slovak Republic in the relevant legal regulations and are based on the decisions of the Government of the Slovak Republic, which took into account the opinions of the experts of the Pandemic Commission of the Government of the Slovak Republic. In general, these measures are based on the mask-distance-hand principle. In public areas outside and inside, it was ordered to wear masks and later wear a respirator of FFP2 class in exterior and interior, gloves on hands or disinfection of customers' hands before entering the store, observance of 2 m distance of people standing in a row at the cash registers, maximum capacity of persons in stores was determined one person per 25 m2 of sales area and later, this measure was tightened to 15 m2 of sales area. Also, to perform regular ventilation of the premises and to have as many cash registers as possible so as not to create long lines of customers. All shops were closed at 8:00 PM. In the case of shopping centers, entry is prohibited for people with a body temperature higher than 37 °C, and disinfection of hands is mandatory, wearing a mask and later wear respirators of FFP2 class is necessary. In a stricter regime, during the peak of the pandemic, there was a restriction for persons to shop food only in the nearest retail/grocery or similar place from the place of residence to the extent necessary to procure the essential needs of life.
Downloads
Metrics
References
Abdi, H., Williams, L. J. 2010. Principal Component Analysis. WIREs Comp. Stat., vol. 2, p. 433-459. https://doi.org/10.1002/wics.101 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/wics.101
Aboelenien, A., Arsel, Z., Cho, C. H. 2021. Passing the buck versus sharing responsibility: The roles of government, firms, and consumers in marketplace risks during COVID-19. Journal of the Association for Consumer Research, vol. 6, no. 1, p. 149-158. https://doi.org/10.1086/711733 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/711733
Alaimo, L. S., Fiore, M., Galati, A. 2020. How the COVID-19 pandemic is changing online food shopping human behavior in Italy. Sustainability (Switzerland), vol. 12, no. 22, article number 9594, p. 1-18. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12229594 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su12229594
Bandenhop, A., Frasquet, M. 2021. Online Grocery Shopping at Multichannel Supermarkets: The Impact of Retailer Brand Equity. Journal of Food Products Marketing, p. 89-104. https://doi.org/10.1080/10454446.2021.1894296 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10454446.2021.1894296
Butt, Y., Kurdowska, A., Allen, T. C. 2016. Acute lung injury: a clinical and molecular review. Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med., vol. 140, no. 4, p. 345-350. https://doi.org/10.5858/arpa.2015-0519-RA DOI: https://doi.org/10.5858/arpa.2015-0519-RA
CDC, 2019. Markets: Operational considerations for COVID-19 mitigation measures in global low resource settings. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, USA. Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/global-COVID-19/markets.htm
CDC, 2020a. Coronavirus (COVID-19). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, USA. Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/index.html
CDC, 2020b. Coronavirus consumer trends: Consumer electronics, pet supplies, and more. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, USA. Available at: https://www.criteo.com/insights/coronavirus-consumer-trends/
Chan, J. F., Yuan, S., Kok, K. H., To, K. K. W., Chu, H., Yang, J., Xing, F., Liu, J., Yip, C. CH. Y., Poon, R. W. S., Tsoi, H.W., Lo, S. K. F., Chan, K. H., Poon, V. K. M., Chan, W. M., Ip, J. D., Cai, J. P., Cheng, V. CH. CH., Chen, H. K. M., Hui, CH., Yuen, K. Y. 2020. A familial cluster of pneumonia associated with the 2019 novel coronavirus indicating person-to-person transmission: a study of a family cluster. Lancet, vol. 395, p. 514-523. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30154-9 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30154-9
Dong, D., Gozgor, G., Lu, Z., Yan, C. 2021. Personal consumption in the United States during the COVID-19 crisis. Applied Economics, vol. 53, no. 11, p. 1311-1316. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2020.1828808 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2020.1828808
EU, 2002. Regulation (EC) No 178/2002 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 28 January 2002 laying down the general principles and requirements of food law, establishing the European Food Safety Authority, and laying down procedures in matters of food safety. OJ L 31, 1.2.2002, p. 1-24.
EU, 2004. Regulation (EC) No 852/2004 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 29 April 2004 on the hygiene of foodstuffs. OJ L 139, 30.4.2004, p. 1-54.
Ferguson, N. M., Laydon, D., Nedjati-Gilani, G., Imai, N., Ainslie, K., Baguelin, M., Bhatia, S., Boonyasiri, A., Cucunubá Z., Cuomo-Dannenburg, G., Dighe, A., Dorigatti, I., Fu, H., Gaythorpe, K., Green,W., Hamlet, A., Hinsley, W., Okell, L. C., van Elsland, S., Thompson, H., Verity, R., Volz, E., Wang, H., Wang, Y., Walker, P. G. T., Walters, C., Winskill, P., Whittaker, CH., Donnelly, CH. A., Riley, S., Ghani, A. C. 2020. Report 9: Impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) to reduce COVID-19 Mortality and Healthcare Demand. Imperial CollegeCOVID-19 Response Team, p. 1-20. https://doi.org/10.25561/77482
Gabriel, A. J., Darwish, A., Hassanien, A. E. 2021. Cyber security in the age of COVID-19. Studies in Systems, Decision and Control, vol. 322, p. 275-295. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63307-3_18 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63307-3_18
Goddard, E. 2021. The impact of COVID-19 on food retail and food service in Canada: A second assessment. Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economics, (article in press). https://doi.org/10.1111/cjag.12282 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/cjag.12282
Hassen, T. B., El Bilali, A., Allahyari, M. S., 2020. Impact of COVID-19 on Food Behavior and Consumption in Qatar. Sustainability, vol. 12, no. 17, article no. 6973, p. 1-18. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12176973 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su12176973
Hillen, J. 2021. Online food prices during the COVID-19 pandemic. Agribusiness, vol. 37, no. 1, p. 91-107. https://doi.org/10.1002/agr.21673 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/agr.21673
Huang, C., Wang, Y., Li, X., Ren, L., Zhao, J., Hu, Y., Zhang, L., Fan, G., Xu, J., Gu, X., Cheng, Z., Yu, T., Xia, J., Wei, Y., Wu, W., Xie, X., Yin, W., Li, H., Liu, M., Xiao, Y., Gao, H., Guo, L., Xie, J., Wang, G., Jiang, R., Gao, Z., Jin, Q., Wang, J., Cao, B. 2020. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet, vol. 395, p. 497-506. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30183-5 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30183-5
Huppert, L. A., Matthay, M. A., Ware, L. B. 2019. Pathogenesis of acute respiratory distress syndrome. Semin. Respir. Crit. Care Med., vol. 40, no. 1, p. 31-39. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1683996 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1683996
Jain, R., Puri, M., Jain, B., 2021. Disaster Management Using Recent Technologies During COVID-19. Studies in Systems, Decision and Control, vol. 324, p. 241-256. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-60039-6_12 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-60039-6_12
Jribi, S., Ben Ismail, H., Doggui, D., Debbabi, H. 2020. COVID-19 virus outbreak lockdown: What impacts on household food wastage? Environment, Development and Sustainability, vol. 22, p. 3939-3955. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-020-00740-y DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-020-00740-y
Kassas, B., Nayga, R. M. 2021. Understanding the importance and timing of panic buying among U.S. Households during the COVID-19 pandemic. Food Quality and Preference, vol. 93, article no. 104240, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodqual.2021.104240 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodqual.2021.104240
Li, Q., Guan, X. H., Wu, P., Wang, X., Zhou, L., Tong, Y., Ren, R., Leung, K. S. M., Lau, E. H. Y., Wong, J. Y., Xing, X., Xiang, N., Wu, Y., Li, CH., Chen, Q., Li, D., Liu, T., Zhao, J., Liu, M., Tu, W., Chen, CH., Jin, L., Yang, R., Wang, Q., Zhou, S., Wang, R., Liu, H., Luo, Y., Liu, Y., Shao, Ge., Li, H., Tao, Z., Yang, Y., Deng, Z., Liu, B., Ma, Z., Zhang, Y., Shi, G., Lam, T. T. Y., Wu, J. T., Gao, G. F., Cowling, B. J., Yang, Bo., Leung, G. M., Feng, Z. 2020. Early transmission dynamics in Wuhan, China, of novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia. N. Engl. J. Med., vol. 382, p. 1199-1207. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2001316 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2001316
MDSR, 2020. Operation Joint Responsibility. Ministry of defence of the Slovak Republic. Available at: https://www.somzodopvedny.sk (In Slovak)
MH SR, 2021. Covid automat. Alert system for epidemic monitoring and admission anti-epidemic measures depending on the intensity of SARSCoV-2 (COVID-19). Ministry of Health of the Slovak Republic. Available at: https://www.health.gov.sk/Zdroje?/Sources/tlacove_spravy/COVID-19/Covid-automat.pdf (In Slovak)
MIRDI SR, 2021a. Development of the epidemic situation in Slovakia 6.3. 2020. – 18.4.2021: Available at: https://korona.gov.sk/ (In Slovak)
MIRDI SR, 2021b. Actual regional Covid Automat. Slovakia 19.4.2021 – 25.4.2021. Available at: https://korona.gov.sk/
Mokra, D., Kosutova, P. 2015. Biomarkers in acute lung injury. Respir. Physiol. Neurobiol., vol. 209, p. 52-58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resp.2014.10.006 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resp.2014.10.006
MPRV SR, 2012a. Decree No. 423 of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development of the Slovak Republic of 14 December 2012 on the meat of animals for slaughter. Available at: https://www.slov-lex.sk/pravne-predpisy/SK/ZZ/2012/423/20130101 (In Slovak)
MPRV SR, 2012b. Decree No. 99 of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development of the Slovak Republic of 9 March 2012 on deep-frozen foods. Available at: https://www.slov-lex.sk/pravne-predpisy/SK/ZZ/2012/99/2 0170101 (In Slovak)
MPRV SR, 2014. Decree No. 24 of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development of the Slovak Republic of 23 January 2014 on bakery products, confectionery, and pasta. Available at: https://www.slov-lex.sk/pravne-predpisy/SK/ZZ/2014/24/ (In Slovak)
NR SR, 1995. The law of the national council of the Slovak Republic of 27 June 1995 on food. Available at: https://www.slov-lex.sk/pravne-predpisy/SK/ZZ/1995/152/19970101.html (In Slovak)
Paolone, S. 2017. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) for lung injury in severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS): review of the literature. Clin. Nurs. Res., vol. 26, no. 6, p. 747-762. https://doi.org/10.1177/1054773816677808 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1054773816677808
Parks, C. A., Nugent, N. B., Fleischhacker, S. E., Yaroch, A. L., 2020. Food system workers are the unexpected but under protected COVID heroes. Journal of Nutrition, vol. 150, no. 8, p. 2006-2008. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/nxaa173 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/nxaa173
PHA SR, 2020a. The measure of the Public Health Authority of the Slovak Republic, no. OLP / 2733/2020, 2020. Available at: https://www.uvzsr.sk/docs/info/covid19/Opatrenie_UVZSR_zakaz_prevadzok_v_nedelu_sanitarny_den_24032020.pdf (In Slovak)
PHA SR, 2020b. The measure of the Public Health Authority of the Slovak Republic, no. OLP / 2777/2020, 2020. Available at: https://www.uvzsr.sk/docs/info/covid19/Opatrenie_UVZ_SR_%20final_uzatvorenie_prevadzok_rezimove_opatrenia_HH_SR_29032020.pdf (In Slovak)
PHA SR, 2020c. The measure of the Public Health Authority of the Slovak Republic, no. OLP / 3461/2020, 2020. Available at: https://www.uvzsr.sk/docs/info/covid19/22_04_2020_otvorenie_prevadzok_rezimove_opatrenia_HH_SR.pdf (In Slovak)
PHA SR, 2020d. The measure of the Public Health Authority of the Slovak Republic, no. OLP / 3795/2020, 2020. Available at: https://www.ruvztv.sk/wp-content/pdf_downloads/covid_19/opatrenie_uvzsr_prevadzky_2_faza_05_05_2020.pdf (In Slovak)
PHA SR, 2020e. The measure of the Public Health Authority of the Slovak Republic, no. OLP / 4083/2020, 2020. Available at: https://www.uvzsr.sk/docs/info/covid19/19_05_2020_navrh_opatrenie_UVZ_SR_prevadzky_3_faza_01.pdf (In Slovak)
PHA SR, 2020f. The measure of the Public Health Authority of the Slovak Republic, no. OLP / 4362/2020, 2020. Available at: https://www.uvzsr.sk/docs/info/covid19/26_05_zmena_opatrenia_prevadzky_vynimky.pdf (In Slovak)
PHA SR, 2020g. The measure of the Public Health Authority of the Slovak Republic, no. OLP / 4592/2020, 2020. Available at: https://www.uvzsr.sk/docs/info/covid19/final_opatrenie_prevadzky_4_faza_02_06.pdf (In Slovak)
PHA SR, 2020h. The measure of the Public Health Authority of the Slovak Republic, no. OLP / 5091/2020, 2020. Available at: https://www.ruvztv.sk/wp-content/pdf_downloads/covid_19/19_06_final_opatrenia_prevadzky_a_hp.pdf (In Slovak)
PHA SR, 2020i. The measure of the Public Health Authority of the Slovak Republic, no. OLP / 7694/2020, 2020. Available at: https://www.ruvzpp.sk/opatrenie-uvz-sr-prevadzky-a-hromadne-podujatia-olp-7694-2020/ (In Slovak)
PHA SR, 2020j. The measure of the Public Health Authority of the Slovak Republic, no. OLP / 8326/2020, 2020. Available at: https://www.uvzsr.sk/docs/info/covid19/final_opatrenie_prevadzky_a_HP_15_10.pdf (In Slovak)
PHA SR, 2020k. Decree of PHA SR no. 45: Decree of the Public Health Office of the Slovak Republic, which prescribes measures in the event of a threat to public health to restrict operations and mass events. Journal of the Government of the Slovak Republic, vol. 30, no. 26, 17. December 2020. Available at: https://www.uvzsr.sk/docs/info/ut/ciastka_26_2020.pdf (In Slovak)
PHA SR, 2021a. Decree of the Regional Office of the Public Health Authority of the Slovak Republic with its seat in Rimavská Sobota, which prescribes measures in the event of a threat to public health for the city of Tisovec. Journal of the Government of the Slovak Republic, vol. 31, no. 32, 22. February 2021. Available at: https://www.minv.sk/swift_data/source/verejna_sprava/vestnik_vlady_sr_rok_2021/ciastka_32_2021.pdf
PHA SR, 2021b. Decree of RO PHA SR TT no. 37 Decree of the Regional Office of Public Health with its seat in Trnava, which prescribes measures in the event of a threat to public health for the districts of Trnava, Hlohovec and Piešťany. Journal of the Government of the Slovak Republic, vol. 31, no. 16, 2. February 2021. Available at: https://www.uvzsr.sk/docs/info/ut/ciastka_16_2021.pdf (In Slovak)
PHA SR, 2021c. Decree of PHA SR, No. 98, 2021 Decree of the Public Health Office of the Slovak Republic, which prescribes measures in the event of a threat to public health to restrict operations and mass events. Journal of the Government of the Slovak Republic, vol. 31, no. 40, 3. March 2021. Available at: https://www.uvzsr.sk/docs/info/ut/ciastka_40_2021.pdf (In Slovak)
PHA SR, 2021d. Decree of PHA SR, No. 111, 2021 Decree of the Public Health Office of the Slovak Republic, which imposes measures in the event of a threat to public health on the obligation to cover the upper respiratory tract. Journal of the Government of the Slovak Republic, vol. 31, no. 46, 11. March 2021. Available at: https://www.uvzsr.sk/docs/info/ut/ciastka_46_2021.pdf (In Slovak)
PHA SR, 2021e. Decree of Regional office of the PHA SR Čadca, No. 45, 2020 Decree of the Regional Office of the Public Health Authority with its seat in Čadca, which regulates measures in the event of a threat to public health for the districts of Čadca and Kysucké Nové Mesto. Journal of the Government of the Slovak Republic, vol. 31, no. 51, 19. March 2021. Available at: https://www.uvzsr.sk/docs/info/ut/ciastka_51_2021.pdf (In Slovak)
PHA SR, 2021f. Decree of the PHA SR, No. 133, 2021. Decree of the Public Health Office of the Slovak Republic, which prescribes measures in the event of a threat to public health to the obligation to cover the upper respiratory tract. Available at: https://www.uvzsr.sk/docs/info/ut/ciastka_51_2021.pdf (In Slovak)
PHA SR, 2021g. Decree of the PHA SR, No. 186, 2021. Decree of the Public Health Office of the Slovak Republic, which prescribes measures when endangering public health to restrict operations and mass events. Available at: https://www.uvzsr.sk/docs/info/covid19/vyhlaska_186.pdf (In Slovak)
Pressman, P., Satyanarayan, N. A., Roger, C. 2020. COVID-19 and Food Safety Risk Management and Future Considerations. Nutrition Today, vol. 55, no. 3, p. 125-128. https://doi.org/10.1097/NT.0000000000000415 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/NT.0000000000000415
Shamim, K., Ahmad S. and Alam, M. A. 2021. COVID-19 health safety practices: Influence on grocery shopping behavior. Journal of Public Affairs, p. 1-11. (In press). https://doi.org/10.1002/pa.2624 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/pa.2624
Sinisterra-Loaiza, L. I., Vázquez, B. I., Miranda, J. M., Cepeda, A., Cardelle-Cobas, A. 2020. Food habits in the galician population during confinement by COVID-19. Nutricion Hospitalaria, vol. 37, no. 6, p. 1190-1196. https://doi.org/10.20960/nh.03213 DOI: https://doi.org/10.20960/nh.03213
Tan, W. J., Zhao, X., Ma, X. J., Wang, W., Niu, P., Xu, W., Gao, G. F., Wu, G. 2020. A novel coronavirus genome identified in a cluster of pneumonia cases-Wuhan, China 2019–2020. China CDC Weekly, vol. 2, p. 61-62. DOI: https://doi.org/10.46234/ccdcw2020.017
Tanaka, T., Narazaki, M., Kishimoto, T. 2016. Immunotherapeutic implications of IL-6 blockade for cytokine storm. Immunotherapy, vol. 8, no. 8, p. 959-970. https://doi.org/10.2217/imt-2016-0020 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2217/imt-2016-0020
UNI Global Union, 2020. COVID-19 guidelines for supermarket workers. Available at: https://www.uniglobalunion.org/news/COVID-19-guidelines-supermarket-workers
UNICEF, 2020. Cleaning and hygiene tips to help keep the COVID-19 virus out of your home. United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child Available at: https://www.unicef.org/
URL 1, 2020. Lessons From Slovakia—Where Leaders Wear Masks. The Atlantic. 13 May, 2020. Available at: https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2020/05/slovakia-mask-coronavirus-pandemic-success/611545/
URL 2, 2021. COVID-19 pandemic in Slovakia. Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Slovakia
URL 3, 2021. Measures for employers and employees within the COVID automat (Opatrenia pre zamestnávateľov a zamestnancov v rámci COVID automat-u). National Labor Inspectorate of the Slovak Republic. Available at: https://www.ip.gov.sk/opatrenia-pre-zamestnavatelov-zamestnancov-v-ramci-covid-automat-u/
Wang, C., Pan, R., Wan, X., Tan, Y., Xu, L., Ho, C. S., Ho, R. C. 2020a. Immediate psychological responses and associated factors during the initial stage of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic among the general population in China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, vol. 17, no. 5, p. 1729. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17051729 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17051729
Wang, Y., Xu, R., Schwartz, M., Ghosh, D., Chen, X. 2020b. COVID-19 and Retail Grocery Management: Insights from a Broad-Based Consumer Survey. IEEE Engineering Management Review, vol. 48, no. 3, p. 202-211. https://doi.org/10.1109/EMR.2020.3011054 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/EMR.2020.3011054
WHO, 2021. WHO Coronavirus (COVID-19) Dashboard. Available at: https://covid19.who.int/region/euro/country/sk
WIKIPWDIA, 2021. Operation Joint Responsibility (Operácia Spoločná zodpovednosť). Available at: https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oper%C3%A1cia_Spolo%C4%8Dn%C3%A1_zodpovednos%C5%A5
Wu F, Zhao S, Yu B, Chen, Y. M., Wang, W., Song, Z. G., Hu, Y., Tao, Z. W., Tian, J. H., Pei, Y. Y., Yuan, M. L., Zhang, Y. L., Dai, F. H., Liu, Y., Wang, Q. M., Zheng, J. J., Xu, L., Holmes, E. C., Zhang, Y. Z. 2020. A new coronavirus associated with human respiratory disease in China. Nature, vol. 579, p. 265-269. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2008-3 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2008-3
Zhao, H., Chen, H., Xiaoyin, M., Yang, G., Hu, Y., Xie, K., Yu, Y. 2019. Autophagy activation improves lung injury and inflammation in sepsis. Inflammation, vol. 42, no. 2, p. 426-439. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10753-018-00952-5 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10753-018-00952-5
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Potravinarstvo Slovak Journal of Food Sciences
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
This license permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, and is not altered, transformed, or built upon in any way.
