DIVERSITY OF WINTER COMMON WHEAT VARIETIES FOR RESISTANCE TO LEAF RUST CREATED IN THE V. M. REMESLO MYRONIVKA INSTITUTE OF WHEAT

The results of the investigations of resistance winter common wheat varieties to leaf rust are given. The high resistance to the pathogen manifest varieties that contain resistance genes: Lr9, Lr19, Lr37, Lr42 + Lr24, Lr43 (Lr21 + Lr39) + Lr24, Lr9 + Lr26, Lr10 + Lr24 are ascertained. The genes Lr13, Lr34, Lr37 in combination with other resistance genes provides long-term protection to leaf rust wheat. Winter wheat varieties, created at the V. M. Remeslo Myronivka Institute of Wheat, contain resistance genes Lr23, Lr24, Lr26, Lr34. The varieties Vesta, Snizhana, Demetra are protected by the resistance genes Lr26 + Lr34, variety Zolotokolosa– Lr24 + Lr34, Ekonomka – Lr3 + Lr26, Myronivska storichna – Lr3 + Lr23 + Lr10 + Lr26. The allele Lr34 (+) is contained in varieties: Kryzhynka, Vesta, Snizhana, Volodarka, Demetra, Vdiachna, Pamiati Remesla, Sviatkova, Podolianka, Berehynia myronivska, MIP Dniprianka, and Balada myronivska. Sustainability is an important element of an integrated system of plant protection against many diseases, and to ensure increased yields it is necessary to create and distribute sustainable varieties that will be an environmentally promising way to develop the agro-industrial complex of Ukraine.


INTRODUCTION
The leaf rust (Puccinia recondita f. sp. tritici Rob. Ex Desm.) is one of the most common and harmful wheat diseases. The disease leads to significant losses of grain yield (Novohatka, 1979). The level of wheat yields loss to 30% during the epiphytotic rust according to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) (El-Khoury, 2009). The population of the pathogen Puccinia recondita differs from the high adaptive ability. High variability virulence of the fungus leads to the accumulation of pathogens that capable of the genes of wheat resistance (Palamarchuk et al., 2019).
The most justified, economically sound, and environmentally safe method of fighting to disease is to creating resistance varieties. The effectiveness of breeding to rust resistance can be improved by using different Lrgenes (Zheplinska et al., 2019).
More than 90 resistance genes to the rust-leaf pathogen are identified and characterized by chromosomal localization and efficiency at the wheat genome and its relatives Aegilops geniculate -Lr57; Aegilops peregrine -Lr59; Triticum turgidum -Lr61; Aegilops neglecta -Lr62; Triticum monococcum -Lr63. Therefore, in breeding must be taken into account the fact that in the wheat genome the effective Lr-genes are introduced not in its "pure" form, but closely linked with other genes that are undesirable to use in breeding (Dinh et al., 2020;Lodgering et al., 1970).
It is a rather difficult task creating such varieties, and over time, they lose their resistance by the emergence of new races, pathogenic strains, and climatic changes. Trends in climate warming affect on the deterioration of the phytosanitary condition of crops (Mushtruk et al., 2020).

Scientific hypothesis
The scientific hypothesis is founded on identifying nature inheritance and manifest resistance genes to exciter of leaf rust. It is attaining by investigation of composition population exciter of disease and identifies resistance genes at collectible samples soft wheat. It is making it possible to increase the resistance gene pool and creating new heterogeneous varieties of soft wheat.

MATERIAL AND METHODOLOGY
The assessment varieties (Table 1) of winter wheat were created at the V. M. Remeslo Myronivka Institute of Wheat for resistance to leaf rust made in conditions of the artificial infectious background of the wheat pathogen. Experiments were in the field conditions at a field infectious nursery of the Plant Protection Department of the V. M. Remeslo Myronivka Institute of Wheat. The climate is temperate continental. The average annual air temperature is 7.6 °C. The sum of effective temperatures above 5 °C is 3000 °C. The duration of the frost-free period becomes an average of 165 days. The average annual amount of decline is 310 -570 mm. A suspension of a mixture of spores isolated from the local leaf rust population was used for inoculation. Wheat varieties were inoculated a mixture of spores with talc in the ratio of 1:100 by a technique of Geshele (1971) in a tubing phase -beginning form ears in condition artificial infectious nursery. The spore load was 0.015 kg of urediniospores per one m 2 of sowing. The assessment of resistance was conducted dynamically every 10 days (Tkachyk, 2014). The variety Myronivska 10 was used as a susceptible standard. The accounts defeat by the causative agent were evaluated on the scale according to Trybel et al. (2010) and Bober et al. (2020). A DNA was isolated from weight 25 -40 mg of the plant material, obtained by grinding of 5 grains in ceramic mortars to a homogeneous powder and the further selection and weighing (Babaiants, 2011). DNA isolation was conducted using sets of Diatom TM DNA Prep100 (NEOGENE, Ukraine) according to a standard procedure with certain modifications (Trybel et al., 2010).
The conditions of the PCR were in line with the requirement recommended by the developer. As a result of PCR with a mixture of primers flanking the caSNP12 marker (Strahov, 1951). The stable allelic state of the markers (-Lr34 +) answered amplicons with a length of 234 p. n., the sensitivity was the absence of amplicons (Vyerchenko et al., 2019).
Fragments received from PCR were separated in 1.8% agarose gel. Ethyl bromide was used as an intercalating agent for DNA monitoring in an ultraviolet. The system VISION Gel (Scie-plas, Great Britain) was used for gel documentation. The length of the clearest and reproducible bands was determined using DNA marker O'Gene Ruler 50 bp Plus DNA Ladder (Fermentas, Lithuania).

Statistical analysis
To obtain information on the number and interaction of resistance genes, the obtained ratios of classes of resistant and susceptible plants (actual) were compared with one of the theoretically expected cleavages using the chi-square (χ 2 ) correspondence criterion. The assumption that the difference between the actually obtained and theoretically expected splits is random was rejected if χ 2 fact. exceeded the critical χ 2 st. (χ 2 0.05 = 3.84). An error of results in statistical analysis p = 0.05. Statistical processing was performed in Microsoft Excel 2016 using the analytical application XLSTAT from Addinsoft for Microsoft Excel. Values were estimated using mean and standard deviations.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The genes of high efficiency against the pathogen are Lr9, Lr19,Lr37,Lr42+Lr24,Lr43 (Lr21+Lr39) Table 1 show. The availability of wheat-rye translocation 1AL/1RS in the genotype of winter wheat provides resistance to fungal diseases, because it carries a complex of resistance genesto leaf rust Lr24, stem rust Sr1RS, powdery mildew Pm17. The varieties Vesta, Snizhana, Demetra are protected by the Lr26 and Lr34 genes, and the Zolotokolosa -by the Lr24 and Lr34. The combination of these resistance genes inhibits the development of leaf rust on winter wheat varieties, damage of the leaf surface is within 10 -17.5% The Myrliena variety contains the gene Lr23, and the Myronivska storichna -Lr3, Lr23, Lr10, and Lr26 are ascertaining according to the analysis of the genealogy of varieties. The Lr3, Lr24 genes, protects the Ekonomka variety.
The gene Lr34, which belongs to the group of genes that provide partial resistance in the phase of adult plants, is found in the following varieties: Kryzhynka, Vesta, Snizhana, Volodarka, Demetra, Vdiachna, Pamiati Remesla, and Sviatkova We found that among the 15 newly created varieties, only 3 varieties -Berehynia myronivska, MIP Dniprianka, and Balada myronivska contain the Lr34 allele (+), which is only 20% of the investigated varieties according to the PCR results, using the caSNP12 marker (Table 2).